Dry Citrate

Advantages 

Dry citrate powder-based hemodialysis concentrate, formulated at a 36.83X dilution ratio, offers significant clinical and operational benefits over traditional acetate-based liquid concentrates by leveraging citrate's anticoagulant and antioxidant properties while utilizing a lightweight, reconstitutable powder form 

Clinical Benefits for Patients

This concentrate reduces the need for heparin by up to 50%, enabling safer dialysis for patients at risk of bleeding, those with heparin allergies, or active hemorrhage, as citrate provides localized anticoagulation in the extracorporeal circuit without systemic effects. It enhances dialysis efficiency, with studies showing improved Kt/V ratios (>1.2) and urea reduction rates (up to 73%), alongside better acid-base balance and reduced metabolic acidosis through superior bicarbonate correction. Additionally, citrate minimizes inflammation, oxidative stress, and acetate-related complications like hypotension or pruritus, leading to improved treatment tolerance, fewer clotting episodes, and lower pre-dialytic beta-2-microglobulin levels in chronic kidney disease patients.​

Operational and Economic Benefits

The powder form occupies 80% less space than liquids, with longer shelf life and minimal wastage due to on-site reconstitution. It increases dialyzer reuse by 60-100% through better membrane clearance and reduced clotting, without requiring equipment changes or staff training, and supports higher session adequacy . This makes it ideal for resource-limited settings, ensuring consistent quality with low contamination risk when properly mixed.